What's the steel mechanical properties?

Steel is an iron-carbon alloy based on iron and carbon as the main additive element. Iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content of less than 2.11% are called steel, and other main elements are silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and so on. Steel has good physical, mechanical and technological properties, which are mainly manifested in the following six aspects:

1. Yield point (σs)

When the steel or specimen is stretched, when the stress exceeds the elastic limit, even if the stress no longer increases, the steel or specimen continues to undergo significant plastic deformation. This phenomenon is called yielding, and the minimum stress value when yielding occurs is For the yield point.

2. Yield strength (σ0.2)

Some metal materials have extremely insignificant yield points and are difficult to measure. Therefore, in order to measure the material's yield characteristics, it is stipulated that the stress at which a permanent residual plastic deformation equals a certain value (generally 0.2% of the original length) is called a condition Yield strength

3. Tensile strength (σb)

The maximum stress value reached during the stretching of the material from the beginning to the time of fracture. It indicates the capacity of the steel to resist fracture. Corresponding to tensile strength are compressive strength and flexural strength.

4. Elongation (δs)

After the steel is broken, the percentage of its plastic elongation to the original sample length is called elongation or elongation.

5. Yield ratio (σs / σb)

The ratio of the yield point (yield strength) of a steel to the tensile strength is called the yield ratio. The greater the yield strength ratio, the higher the reliability of structural parts. Generally, the yield strength ratio of carbon steel is 0.6-0.65, and that of low-alloy structural steel is 0.65-0.75. That of alloy structural steel is 0.84-0.86. 6. Hardness The ability of an object to press into its surface. It is one of the important performance indicators of metal materials. Generally, the higher the hardness, the better the abrasion resistance. Common hardness indicators are Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness.